Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a worldwide major cause of morbidity and mortality particularly in the vulnerable population young males, low-income individuals and members of ethnic minority groups.
Severe TBI, defined as head trauma associated with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of three to eight with loss of consciousness duration and altered mental status greater than 24 hours and post traumatic amnesia more than seven days.
In this resume of protocols article, a helpful review of the current status of management of severe TBI according to the recent up-dated brain trauma foundation 2016 and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) 2014 guidelines is present. A concise overview of the optimal medical management, and both the non-invasive and invasive monitoring strategies, as well as the indications of surgical interventions necessary in particular instances. It is important not only for trauma team but for all healthcare personnel to be aware of the management and prevention of complications of severe traumatic brain injury.
References
North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Logistics Handbook, Role Support Chapter 16, Medical Support.1997. Available from: https://www.nato.int/ docu/logi-en/1997/lo-1610.htm (Last access 13/09/2020).
World Health Organization. Within hours of opening its doors, Athbah trauma field hospital treats casualties from west Mosul. Available from: http://www.emro.who.int/irq/iraq-news/within-hours-of-opening-its- doors-athbah-trauma-field-hospital-treats-casualties-from-west-mosul. html (Last access 13/09/2020).
Silvert Medical. Toise de réanimation pédiatrique Pr. Biarent fiche technique. Available from: http://www.silvertmedical.com (Last access 13/09/2020).
Newborn Emergency Transport Service. Drug calculator. Available from: http://netswa.net.au/professionals/drug-calculator (Last access 13/09/2020).
MEDUSA. Injectable medicines guide. Available from: www.medusa. wales.nhs.uk (Last access 13/09/2020).
Cousins D, Clarkson A, Conroy S, Choonara I. Medication errors in children - An eight year review using press reports. Paediatr Perinat Drug Ther 2002; 5:52-8.
Wong I, Ghaleb M, Franklin B, Barber N. Incidence and nature of dosing errors in paediatric medications: a systematic review. Drug Saf 2004; 27:661-70.
Kaufmann J, Laschat M, Wappler F. Medication errors in paediatric emergencies. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2016; 109:609-16.
World Health Organization. Promoting safety of medicines for children. 2007. Available from:http: //www.who.int/medicines/publications/ essentialmedicines/Promotion_safe_med_childrens.pdf (Last access 13/09/2020).
Clark MC, Lewis RJ, Fleischman RJ, Ogunniyi AA, Patel DS, Donaldson RI. Accuracy of the Broselow Tape in South Sudan, “The Hungriest Place on Earth”. Acad Emerg Med 2016; 23:21-8.
Tanner D, Negaard A, Huang R, Evans N, Hennes H. A prospective evaluation of the accuracy of weight estimation using the Broselow tape in overweight and obese pediatric patients in the emergency department. Pediatr Emerg Care 2017; 33:675-8.
Ramarajan N, Krishnamoorthi R, Strehlow M, Quinn J, Mahadevan SV. Internationalizing the Broselow tape: how reliable is weight estimation in Indian children. Acad Emerg Med 2008; 15:431-6.